【肺結核病】那麼遠 這麼近 偏偏有個伙記中左招 (病原體/病徵/傳播途徑/潛伏期/治理方法/預防方法/Tuberculosis) ...... !

當小弟仍沉醉在連續休息3天的美好睡夢中，突被一條訊息提示喚醒了，原來是一位伙記發出來的，一看內容，傻了 , Oh No .......

黃生，7月份的基本園藝又未能上堂了😭，第2次上唔成。今天醫生和我傾了，驗出有菌(肺結核菌)希望唔會影響到其他人🙏🏻，他話由今天開始計，要住院隔離14天，食足14天藥後唔會有傳染性，就可以出院。

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​即刻進行戒備狀態，經和伙記聯絡，聽返消息，似乎其情況問題不大，只隔離佢本人14天 (親密接觸的家人亦不用隔離)，食藥，完成療程便可出院。作為同事的，給予安慰，叮囑靜心聽醫生護士指示，祝願盡快康復。

期後即刻上衛生防護中心網頁 (連結) 了解下呢個 "肺結核"是怎麼的一回事，引用如下 :

結核病
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病原體

結核病由一種名為結核桿菌的細菌所引起，通常影響肺部（肺結核）。身體其他部份，例如淋巴結、腎、骨、關節等亦可能受影響（肺外的結核病）。

病徵

肺結核的病徵包括輕微發燒、盜汗、疲倦、體重下降、長期咳嗽和痰中帶血。部分病人並無明顯病徵。

傳播途徑

結核菌由空氣傳播。肺結核病人咳嗽或打噴嚏時會將細菌散播到空氣中，抵抗力稍差的人吸入後便會染病。有效的抗生素療程一般可將傳染期縮短至數週以內。

潛伏期

病人受感染後最早會在數週後出現病徵，但亦可能在多年後才發病，而病人在受感染後首兩年內出現病徵的機會最大。

治理方法

感染結核菌後應盡快求診，並接受為期最少六個月的多種藥物治療。為了根除病菌，病人應遵照醫生指示完成整個療程。

預防方法

1. 保持良好的個人及環境衞生。
2. 建立健康的生活模式，保持均衡的飲食習慣，有足夠的運動和休息。
3. 保持雙手清潔，用正確的方法洗手。
4. 雙手被呼吸系統分泌物弄污後（如打噴嚏後）要立即洗手。
5. 打噴嚏和咳嗽時要掩著口和鼻，並妥善清理口鼻排出的分泌物。
6. 出現與結核病相似的病徵時要迅速求診，特別是咳嗽持續超過一個月者。
7. 按照免疫注射計劃表接受卡介苗防疫注射。（請參閱免疫注射時間表）

Tuberculosis

Causative agent

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis). Other parts of the body can also be affected (extrapulmonary tuberculosis) such as lymph nodes, kidneys, bones, joints.

Clinical features

The symptoms of pulmonary TB include low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, a persistent cough and blood in sputum. Some people may not have obvious symptoms.

Mode of transmission

Tuberculosis is spread through the air. When a person with infective pulmonary tuberculosis coughs or sneezes, the bacteria gets into the air and causes disease if a susceptible person inhales it. Effective antibiotic treatment usually shortens the infectious period to within a few weeks.

Incubation period

Symptoms may occur as early as several weeks after infection, or it may occur after many years. An infected person has the greatest risk of developing TB within the first two years after infection.

Management

People with tuberculosis should seek medical treatment as soon as possible. They are prescribed multiple drug therapy for at least six months. In order to eradicate the bacteria, patients should follow their doctors' instruction and complete the course of treatment.

Prevention

1. Maintain good personal and environmental hygiene.
2. Adopt a healthy lifestyle, i.e., have balanced diet, adequate exercise and rest.
3. Keep hands clean and wash hands properly.
4. Wash hands when they are dirtied by respiratory secretions e.g. after sneezing.
5. Cover nose and mouth while sneezing or coughing and dispose of nasal and mouth discharge properly.
6. Seek treatment promptly if symptoms similar to tuberculosis appear, particularly persistently cough for more than one month.
7. Receive BCG immunization according to immunization schedule. (Please refer to programme of immunization)

作為一位小組長，小弟第一時間把所得到的資訊上傳 (老闆) 下達 (伙記)，以便大家能夠了解最新情況，避免出現誤傳心慌情況。